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THERAPEUTIC
CLASS |
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TRUSOPT*
(dorzolamide hydrochloride ophthalmic solution, MSD) is a novel
carbonic
anhydrase inhibitor formulated for topical ophthalmic use. Unlike
oral carbonic anhydrase
inhibitors, TRUSOPT, which is administered topically, exerts
its effects directly in the eye. |
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DOSAGE
AND ADMINISTRATION |
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When used as monotherapy, the dose is one drop of TRUSOPT
Ophthalmic Solution in the
affected eye(s) three times daily.
When used as adjunctive therapy with an ophthalmic beta-blocker,
the dose is one drop of
TRUSOPT in the affected eye(s) two times daily.
When substituting TRUSOPT for another ophthalmic antiglaucoma
agent, discontinue the
other agent after proper dosing on one day, and start TRUSOPT
on the next day.
If more than one topical ophthalmic drug is being used, the
drugs should be administered at
least ten minutes apart.
Preservative-Free TRUSOPT is a sterile solution that does
not contain a preservative. The
solution from one individual unit is to be used immediately
after opening for administration
to one or both eyes. Since sterility cannot be maintained
after the individual unit is opened,
any remaining contents should be discarded immediately after
administration.
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CONTRAINDICATIONS |
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TRUSOPT
is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any
component of this
product.
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PRECAUTIONS |
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TRUSOPT
has not been studied in patients with severe renal impairment
(CrCl < 30
mL/min). Because TRUSOPT and its metabolite are excreted predominantly
by the kidney,
TRUSOPT is not recommended in such patients.
The management of patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma
requires therapeutic
interventions in addition to ocular hypotensive agents. TRUSOPT
has not been studied in
patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma.
TRUSOPT has not been studied in patients with hepatic impairment
and should therefore
be used with caution in such patients.
TRUSOPT is a sulfonamide and although administered topically,
is absorbed systemically.
Therefore the same types of adverse reactions that are attributable
to sulfonamides may
occur with topical administration. If signs of serious reactions
or hypersensitivity occur,
discontinue the use of this preparation.
In clinical studies, local ocular adverse effects, primarily
conjunctivitis and lid reactions,
were reported with chronic administration of TRUSOPT. Some
of these reactions had the
clinical appearance and course of an allergic-type reaction
that resolved upon
discontinuation of drug therapy. If such reactions are observed,
discontinuation of
treatment with TRUSOPT should be considered.
There is a potential for an additive effect on the known systemic
effects of carbonic
anhydrase inhibition in patients receiving an oral carbonic
anhydrase inhibitor and
TRUSOPT. The concomitant administration of TRUSOPT and oral
carbonic anhydrase
inhibitors has not been studied and is not recommended.
Choroidal detachment has been reported with administration
of aqueous suppressant
therapy (e.g., dorzolamide) after filtration procedures.
TRUSOPT Ophthalmic Solution contains the preservative benzalkonium
chloride, which
may be absorbed by soft contact lenses. Therefore, TRUSOPT
should not be administered
while wearing soft contact lenses. The contact lenses should
be removed before
application of the drops and not be reinserted earlier than
15 minutes after use.
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PREGNANCY
[For
pregnancy category, see Section XVII - PREGNANCY CATEGORY]
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There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant
women. TRUSOPT should
be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies
the potential risk to the fetus.
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NURSING
MOTHERS
[ For
alternative version including animal data, see Section XXV -
NURSING MOTHERS ]
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It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk.
A decision should be made
whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug,
taking into account the
importance of the drug to the mother.
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PEDIATRIC
USE |
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Safety
and effectiveness in children have not been established.
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DRUG
INTERACTIONS |
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Specific drug interaction studies have not been performed
with TRUSOPT Ophthalmic
Solution. In clinical studies, TRUSOPT was used concomitantly
with the following
medications without evidence of adverse interactions: timolol
ophthalmic solution, betaxolo lophthalmic solution and systemic
medications, including ACE-inhibitors, calcium channelblockers,
diuretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including
aspirin, and hormones (e.g. estrogen, insulin, thyroxine).
TRUSOPT is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and although administered
topically, is
absorbed systemically. In clinical studies, TRUSOPT was not
associated with acid-base
disturbances. However, these disturbances have been reported
with oral carbonic
anhydrase inhibitors and have in some instances, resulted
in drug interactions (e.g. toxicit yassociated with high-dose
salicylate therapy). Therefore, the potential for such drug
interactions should be considered in patients receiving TRUSOPT.
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SIDE
EFFECTS
[ For
alternative version including incidence rates, see Section XXVI
- SIDE EFFECTS.
For
additional information, see Section XVI - ADDITIONAL SIDE EFFECTS.]
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In the previous long-term clinical studies of 1108 patients
treated with TRUSOPT
Ophthalmic Solution alone or as adjunctive therapy with ophthalmic
beta-blockers, the most frequently reported drug-related adverse
effects and local symptoms were: bitter taste,burning and
stinging, blurred vision, eye itching, tearing, headache,
conjunctivitis, eyelid inflammation, nausea, eyelid irritation
and asthenia/fatigue. The most frequent cause of discontinuation
(approximately 3%) from treatment with TRUSOPT was drug-related
ocular adverse effects, primarily conjunctivitis and lid reactions.
Iridocyclitis and rash were each reported rarely. There was
one report of urolithiasis.
In a double-blind, active-treatment controlled, multiple dose,
two-period crossover,
randomized multiclinic study, the safety profile of Preservative-Free
TRUSOPT was similar
to that of TRUSOPT Ophthalmic Solution.
The following adverse reactions have been reported in post-marketing
experience:
Hypersensitivity: signs and symptoms of local reactions including
palpebral reactions and
systemic allergic reactions including angioedema, bronchospasm,
urticaria and pruritus
Nervous System: dizziness, paresthesia
Ocular: pain, redness, superficial punctate keratitis, transient
myopia (which resolved upon discontinuation of therapy), eyelid
crusting, choroidal detachment following filtration surgery
Skin/Mucous Membranes: contact dermatitis, epistaxis, throat
irritation, dry mouth
Urogenital: urolithiasis.
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LABORATORY
FINDING |
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TRUSOPT was not associated with clinically meaningful electrolyte
disturbances.
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OVERDOSAGE
[ For
altermative version including significant lethality and animal
data, see Section
XXVI-OVERDOSAGE ]
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Treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. Electrolyte
imbalance, development of
an acidotic state, and possible central nervous system effects
may occur. Serum electrolyte
levels (particularly potassium) and blood pH levels should
be monitored.
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AVAILABILITY
[ For
description of OCUMETER Plus container, see Section XVIII -
AVAILABILITY ]
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[To be filled in locally.]
TRUSOPT Ophthalmic Solution is a clear, colorless to nearly
colorless, slightly viscous
solution.
For patients who may be sensitive to the preservative benzalkonium
chloride or when use of a preservative-free topical medication
is advisable, a formulation of TRUSOPT without the preservative
benzalkonium chloride is available. This formulation is packaged
in individual unit dose containers.
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Storage |
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TRUSOPT Ophthalmic Solution:
Store at 15-30.... ........F). Protect from light.
Preservative-Free TRUSOPT Ophthalmic Solution:
Store at 15-30.... ........F). Protect from light. Store
in protective foil pouch.tored.
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